Supporting Survivor Bill of Rights

In the end, members of the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole nations suffered the same fate as the Cherokees

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The American Civil War

Etowah Indian Mounds Historic Site
813 Indian Mounds Rd., S.W.
Cartersville , GA 30120

Major Robert Anderson

June 14, 1805(1805-06-14)

Louisville, Kentucky Died October 26, 1871(1871-10-26) (aged 66)
Nice, France Place of burial West Point Cemetery Allegiance United States of America
Union Service/branch United States Army
Union Army Years of service 1825–63 Rank Brevet

Black Hawk War
Second Seminole War
Mexican-American War
American Civil War
(Battle of Fort Sumter)

The United States and Spain were at odds over Florida after the Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolutionary War and returned East and West Florida to Spanish control. The United States disputed the boundaries of West Florida (which had been established while the territory was under British control) and accused the Spanish authorities of failing to restrain the Native Americans living in Florida from raiding into the United States, and harboring runaway slaves. Starting in 1810 the United States occupied and annexed parts of West Florida. In 1817 Andrew Jackson led an invasion of the Floridas, an incident known as the First Seminole War. The United States subsequently acquired Florida from Spain via the Adams-Onís Treaty and took possession in 1821. Now that Florida belonged to the United States, the Seminoles were again a problem for the government. In 1823 the government negotiated the Treaty of Moultrie Creek with the Seminoles, establishing a reservation for them in the middle of the state. Six chiefs, however, were allowed to keep their villages along the Apalachicola River.[8]The Treaty of Moultrie Creek was an agreement signed in 1823 between the government of the United States and several chiefs of the Seminole Indians in the present-day state of Florida. The United States had acquired Florida from Spain in 1821 by means of the Adams-Onís Treaty. In 1823 the government decided to settle the Seminoles on a reservation in the central part of the territory. A meeting to negotiate a treaty was scheduled for early September 1823 at Moultrie Creek, south of St. Augustine. About 425 Seminoles attended the meeting, choosing Neamathla, a prominent Mikasuki chief, to be their chief representative. Under the terms of the treaty negotiated there, the Seminoles were forced to place themselves under the protection of the United States and to give up all claim to lands in Florida, in exchange for a reservation of about four million acres (16,000 km²).

The reservation would run down the middle of the Florida

contact with traders from Cuba and the Bahamas. Neamathla and five other chiefs, however, were allowed to keep their villages along the Apalachicola River.[1]

Under the Treaty of Moultrie Creek, the United States government was obligated to protect the Seminoles as long as they remained peaceful and law-abiding. The government was supposed to distribute farm implements, cattle and hogs to the Seminoles, compensate them for travel and losses involved in relocating to the reservation, and provide rations for a year, until the Seminoles could plant and harvest new crops. The government was also supposed to pay the tribe US$5,000 a year for twenty years, and provide an interpreter, a school and a blacksmith for the same twenty years. In turn, the Seminoles had to allow roads to be built across the reservation and had to apprehend any runaway slaves or other fugitives and return them to United States jurisdiction.

In August 1814, the Red Sticks surrendered to Jackson at

Wetumpka (near the present city of Montgomery, Alabama). On August 9, 1814, the Muscogee nation was forced to sign the Treaty of Fort Jackson. It ended the war and required the tribe to cede some 20 million acres (81,000 km²) of land— more than half of their ancestral territorial holdings— to the United States. Even those who had fought alongside Jackson were compelled to cede land, since Jackson held them responsible for allowing the Red Sticks to revolt. The state of Alabama was created largely from the Red Sticks' domain and was admitted to the United States in 1819.

The treaty had given the Seminoles three years to move west of the Mississippi. The government interpreted the three years as starting in 1832, and expected the Seminoles to move in 1835. Fort King, in what is now Ocala was reopened in 1834. A new Seminole agent, Wiley Thompson, was appointed in 1834, and the task of persuading the Seminoles to move fell to him. He called the chiefs together at Fort King in October 1834 to talk to them about the removal to the west. The Seminoles informed Thompson that they had no intention of moving, and that they did not feel bound by the Treaty of Payne's Landing. Thompson then requested reinforcements for Fort King and Fort Brooke, reporting that, "the Indians after they had received the Annuity, purchased an unusually large quantity of Powder & Lead." Brigadier General Duncan L. Clinch, United States Army commander for Florida, also warned Washington that the Seminoles did not intend to move, and that more troops would be needed to force them to move. In March 1835 Thompson called the chiefs together to read a letter from Andrew Jackson to them. In his letter, Jackson said, "Should you ... refuse to move, I have then directed the Commanding officer to remove you by force." The chiefs asked for thirty days to respond. A month later the Seminole chiefs told Thompson that they would not move west. Thompson and the chiefs began arguing, and General Clinch had to intervene to prevent bloodshed. Eventually, eight of the chiefs agreed to move west, but asked to delay the move until the end of the year, and Thompson and Clinch agreed.[8]

Five of the most important of the Seminole chiefs, including

Micanopy of the Alachua Seminoles, had not agreed to the move. In retaliation, Thompson declared that those chiefs were removed from their positions. As relations with the Seminoles deteriorated, Thompson forbid the sale of guns and ammunition to the Seminoles. Osceola, a young warrior beginning to be noticed by the whites, was particularly upset by the ban, feeling that it equated Seminoles with slaves and said, "The white man shall not make me black. I will make the white man red with blood; and then blacken him in the sun and rain ... and the buzzard live upon his flesh." In spite of this, Thompson considered Osceola to be a friend, and gave him a rifle. Later, though, when Osceola was causing trouble, Thompson had him locked up at Fort King for a night. The next day, in order to secure his release, Osceola agreed to abide by the Treaty of Payne's Landing and to bring his followers in.

INDIAN MOUNDS OF THE UNITED STATES

http://www.greatdreams.com/mounds.htm

http://www.al-tn-trailoftears.net/links.php

Illinois
Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site
Cleiman Mound and Village Site
Dickson Mounds
Dogtooth Bend Mounds and Village Site
Emerald Mound and Village Site
Horseshoe Lake Mound and Village Site
Hubele Mounds and Village Site
Kamp Mound Site
Mayberry Mound and Village Site
Mound House Site
Naples Mound
Orr-Herl Mound and Village Site
Rockwell Mound
Scales Mound Historic District
Tampico Mounds
Ware Mounds and Village Site
Wilson Mounds and Village Site

Sinnissippi Park, Illinois

East Lincoln Highway
Located on the east side of town with bluffs overlooking the scenic Rock River. Nature trails provide excellent bird watching and cross country skiing, while the bayou is a popular year round fishing spot. A special feature of Sinnissippi Park is the Hopewellian Indian Mounds, which are listed with the Register of National Historic Places. Address: Sinnissippi Rd. Sterling IL USA 61081
815-622-6200

Iowa
Effigy Mound National Monument

Valmeyer, Illinois

This community at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers was once salvation for runaway slaves as a stop along the Underground Railroad. Following the Civil War, many freed slaves from the South settled here. But racial lines were clearly drawn, with segregation prominent in all spheres of life. One of the bloodiest days in Cairo’s history arrived on Nov. 11, 1909 when a black man, Will “Froggy” James, who was accused of raping and murdering a white shop girl, was lynched by a mob. The mob later burned and mutilated James’ body, even taking pieces of bloodied rope and body parts as souvenirs, according to a New York Times archived story documenting the event. With children hoisted on their parents’ shoulders, James’ head was placed on a stake and left there for hours. The National Guard was called out to restore order — one of several times soldiers would be needed to quiet mobs in Cairo. Racial unrest continued unabated throughout the 20th century. In the 1960s and ’70s, African Americans boycotted local businesses, shops were bombed, and there were frequent protest marches. In 1967, after a black soldier died suspiciously while in police custody, a riot ensued.

Cairo has been dubbed the town that suffered “death by racism,” and, indeed, what was once a city of more than 15,000 people in the early 1900s is now a shadow of its former self, with fewer than 3,000 people, decaying infrastructure and a lack of many basic services. A former head of the local NAACP chapter told Time Magazine in 2010 he uses three words to describe Cairo today: “Poor, black and ugly.”

1817 Andrew Jackson takes command of federal troops engaging in a ruthless war against Seminoles and runaways in Florida.

1820-21 Missouri Compromise admits Missouri and Maine into the Union to maintain the balance of the slave and free states; also establishes line between free and slave territory.

1831 William Lloyd Garrison begins publication of the abolitionist newspaper, the Liberator. 1838 Black abolitionist Robert Purvis becomes chairman of the General Vigilance Committee, whose task is to assist runaways, in New York City.

1847 Frederick Douglass begins publication of his abolitionist newspaper The North Star.

1848 First Women's Rights Convention held in Seneca Falls, New York; abolitionists Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Frederick Douglass attend.

1854 Black abolitionist Frances Ellen Watkins Harper hired by Maine Anti-Slavery Society to lecture in New England and Lower Canada.

1863 The Emancipation Proclamation becomes effective January 1, 1863. President Abraham Lincoln's action thereby made abolition of slavery as important a goal in the prosecution of the Civil War as preserving the Federal Union.
1865 Civil War ends. The thirteenth amendment, which abolishes slavery, is ratified by the required three-fourths of the states, December 1. 8

Civil War Battles by State

Moundville Archaeological Park overlooks the Black Warrior River. A National Historic Landmark, the 320-acre park preserves 26 pre-historic, Mississippian-era Indian

Shiloh and the Western Campaign of 1862
The Battle of Shiloh was one of the most critical battles in American History. Some of the biggest figures of the Civil War - Grant, Sherman, Johnston, Bragg, Beauregard, Buell - they all fought there. As Grant would write in his memoirs, before Shiloh, Americans on both sides of the Mason Dixon line believed that the war could still be a short limited affair
Civil War Campaigns: Vicksburg
A chance to refight one of the American Civil War's most crucial battles. It's April of 1863, and General U.S. Grant has led his men to the banks of the Mississippi River. After disastrous Union campaigns at Chickasaw Bayou, Steele Bayou and Greenville, Grant elects to bypass the Confederate fortress city of Vicksburg

It was the most tragic episode in American history. During four years of bitter and bloody fighting between the states, more than 600,000 troops from the Union and Confederate sides lost their lives. The bloody events at places such as Antietam, Gettysburg, Shiloh, Cold Harbor, Vicksburg and Fredericksburg are still burned deep into the American psyche, never to be forgotten.

From the first shots at Fort Sumter, to the emotional Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House, this program tells the story of the conflict which scarred the soul of a nation. The program features superb battle reconstructions and depictions of army life, dramatized eyewitness accounts, period photographs and engravings, plus expert commentary and analyses.

Titles in this series include:

Conflict

Revolutionary War 4,435
War of 1812 2,260
Mexican War 13,283
Civil War 623,026
Spanish American War 2,446
World War I 116,708
World War II 407,316
Korean War 36,914
Vietnam War 58,169
Persian Gulf War 269

WHEREAS an unprovoked, inhuman, and sanguinary war, waged by the hostile Creeks against the United States, hath been repelled, prosecuted and determined, successfully, on the part of the said States, in conformity with principles of national justice and honorable warfare-- And whereas consideration is due to the rectitude of proceeding dictated by instructions relating to the re-establishment of peace: Be it remembered, that prior to the conquest of that part of the Creek nation hostile to the United States, numberless aggressions had been committed against the peace, the property, and the lives of citizens of the United States ... ”

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